By Overview
Uterine polyps, also known as endometrial polyps, are growths that develop on the inner lining of the uterus and extend into the uterine cavity.
These growths occur when cells in the uterine lining multiply excessively, forming benign (non-cancerous) masses. However, a small percentage of these polyps may be cancerous or have the potential to become cancerous.
Uterine polyps can vary widely in size, ranging from:
- As small as a sesame seed (a few millimeters)
- As large as a golf ball (several centimeters)
They attach to the uterine wall in one of two ways:
- With a broad base
- By a thin stalk
A person may have one polyp or multiple polyps. While they usually remain inside the uterus, they can sometimes move through the cervix into the vagina.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of uterine polyps is not fully understood, but they are believed to be influenced by hormone levels, particularly estrogen, which plays a role in the growth of the uterine lining.
Uterine polyps are more commonly found in:
- Women who are perimenopausal or postmenopausal
- Women who are obese
- Those experiencing hormone imbalances
Symptoms
Some women may have uterine polyps without experiencing any symptoms. However, when symptoms do occur, they can include:
- Irregular menstrual bleeding
- Bleeding between menstrual periods
- Excessive menstrual bleeding
- Infertility or miscarriage (in some cases)
Uterine polyps are typically discovered during routine pelvic exams or imaging tests. Treatment options vary depending on the size and nature of the polyps, as well as the severity of symptoms.
